In August 2022, the Automotive Data of China Co., Ltd released this report assessing critical minerals that are vital for electric vehicle manufacturing and the efficiency of using these resources. The research was supported by Energy Foundation China.

Against the backdrop of China’s accelerated action toward full vehicle electrification, this report assesses the risks and utilization efficiencies of lithium, cobalt, nickel, and other critical minerals that are key materials of electric vehicle batteries. Using different scenarios that are aligned with industrial development, the report applies material flow analysis for the whole life cycle of batteries to estimate the mineral supply risks that China might face as its transportation sector races toward full electrification.